Skip to the content
All 31 lessons
Liberatory learning Inquiry 40 minutes

Looking beneath the first answer

Learning intention By the end of this lesson, students can generate deeper questions about a complex situation and distinguish a first explanation from a fuller understanding.

This classroom lesson is the base for session 5 of Ten sessions for advocates.

Time
40 minutes
How the room works
Groups of four or five
You need
Paper and pens; hypothetical scenarios on the board

Before you start

Keep scenarios hypothetical and do not use sensitive current events without preparation and support. Never use inquiry to cast doubt on a student's disclosure.

Read the full safeguarding note Adapting it for your class A note home for this lesson
A group sitting on the floor in a circle, listening to one another
Illustration by RecipesforWellbeing.org, CC BY-NC 4.0

Open this drawing in the library

Scan for this lesson online

Why this matters

The first explanation for a confusing event can feel convincing because it arrives quickly. Inquiry asks us to slow down, notice our assumptions and look from more than one position. This can help us understand people and situations more fairly, while accepting that some uncertainty may remain.

Skill in context Working actively to understand what is unclear or complex and moving beyond surface interpretations towards deeper meaning.

On the skill of sense-makingTry the interactive practice
1

Open with “A question with no answer”

5 min

Use A question with no answer as a low-stakes encounter with uncertainty. Students can keep their thoughts private or offer one unfinished sentence to a neighbour.

Read aloud

Here is a question no one in this room can get wrong: what is something many people believe that may not be true?

Sit with the question without looking for the answer you think I want.

Notice what your mind does when a question cannot be finished quickly.

If you would like to, offer one half-formed thought to a neighbour. Passing is equally welcome.

Listen for Keep examples general and prevent the question becoming an invitation to target a person or group. Uncertainty, silence and changing one's mind all count as participation.

2

Teacher explanation

10 min

Inquiry begins when we recognise that our first story may be incomplete. We ask what we know, how we know it, whose view is missing and what evidence could change our understanding.

Inquiry is careful attention to complexity. It never means endless doubt, or questioning another person's account of their own experience. A good question can reveal assumptions and root causes without promising that every situation has one hidden answer.

Questions for the room

  • How can we tell a quick opinion from a developed understanding?
  • Why are simple explanations attractive when a situation is complicated?
  • When is more inquiry useful, and when is timely action needed?
3

The root-question tree

17 min
  1. Give each group an external scenario, such as an unexpected school rule, a sudden online trend, a shop closing or two reports describing the same event differently.
  2. Write the first conclusion someone might reach, then set it aside as one possible interpretation.
  3. Generate as many genuine questions as possible for three minutes without answering them.
  4. Draw a tree and place factual surface questions on the leaves and questions about causes, power, assumptions or perspectives on the roots.
  5. Choose one root question and examine it from two positions within the scenario. Note what evidence each person might see or miss.
  6. Each group shares one question and one way its understanding changed or remained uncertain.
4

Private reflection

6 min

What question could help you look beneath the surface the next time something feels confusing? Keep the situation itself private.

How they reflect Private journal

5

Closing

2 min

Inquiry does not ask us to have every answer. It asks us to stay with the question long enough to see what our first explanation left out.

Safeguarding

Keep scenarios hypothetical and do not use sensitive current events without preparation and support. Never use inquiry to cast doubt on a student's disclosure. If personal material arises, pause the public discussion and follow safeguarding procedures.

If something a young person says gives you concern, follow your setting’s usual safeguarding route. This is not yours to carry alone.

Adapting it

Ages 13 to 15
Use familiar, concrete scenarios and model several surface and root questions. Welcome a wide range of questions, however plain they sound.
Ages 16 to 18
Use systemic or contested examples and ask what evidence would change each interpretation. Explore how power shapes which questions are treated as legitimate.

In other settings

Form time
Use the opening question, then name a first conclusion and create a short root-question tree for one scenario.
Assembly
Put one scenario on screen and sort audience questions into surface and root questions from the front.
Small group
Choose one everyday puzzle and collect questions together, noticing when a question changes the first story.

Curriculum connections

IB, ATL
Thinking: critical thinking skills (recognising assumptions and bias, considering multiple perspectives)Checked by AI review against the IB's MYP: From principles into practice, Approaches to learning (for use from September 2014/January 2015, a school-hosted copy) on 10 October 2026, not yet by a human adviser.
OECD Learning Compass
Skills: cognitive and meta-cognitive skills (critical thinking, learning-to-learn); Student agencyChecked by AI review against the OECD Learning Compass 2030 concept notes Skills for 2030 and Core Foundations for 2030 (2019) on 10 October 2026, not yet by a human adviser.
UNESCO SEL
Critical Inquiry (moving from surface ideas to root causes)Checked by AI review against MGIEP's page naming the four competencies, with their definitions from summaries of Rethinking Learning (MGIEP, 2020), which could not be opened on 10 October 2026, not yet by a human adviser.
WHO life skills
Critical thinking — analysing information and experiences, recognising assumptions; Problem solving — looking for root causesNot yet checked against its source.
Inner Development Goals
Thinking: Critical Thinking; Thinking: Perspective SkillsChecked by AI review against the Inner Development Guide's 25 skills across 5 dimensions (idg.guide, 2025) on 10 October 2026, not yet by a human adviser.

Suggest a correction

Find your country’s curriculum
Tell us how this lesson went

Your email opens with this lesson named in the subject, and nothing is sent until you send it. A person reads these.

Or write to info@recipesforwellbeing.org

    Arrow keys move between steps. F is full screen.